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The islands were earlier inhabited by Māori of the Ngāti Wai tribe who grew crops and fished the surrounding sea. Aorangaia Island's east–west rock arch resembles a long tunnel, while the aptly named Archway Island is bisected by two rock arches, with the larger Cathedral Arch about 40 metres (130 ft) tall. Tawhiti Rahi contains the Northern Arch, Middle Arch, and Maomao Arch, the latter being a popular diving location. Rikoriko Cave measures 130 by 80 metres (430 by 260 ft), with a ceiling height of 35 metres (115 ft) and extends 26 metres (85 ft) deep below water. The islands contain rock arches and sea caves, including Rikoriko Cave, the largest cave in the world by volume, with a cavern measuring 221,494 cubic metres (7,822,000 cu ft) and an opening large enough for small tour boats to enter. The islands have been identified as an Important Bird Area, by BirdLife International because they are home to a breeding population of about 200,000 pairs of Buller's shearwaters. A notable native plant of the islands is the spectacularly flowering Poor Knights lily, which has become a popular garden plant.įeral pigs, which had roamed Aorangi since the departure of Māori in the 1820s, were exterminated in 1936. Permits are usually granted only for scientific research. The islands are protected as a nature reserve and a permit is required to land or tie boats up. Internal wave amplitudes of around 100 m (109 yd) have been observed, generating flow speeds as great as 0.5 m/s (1.64 ft/s). These waves generate brief highly localised accelerations. The surface manifestation of these waves can be seen from space. These are a form of internal wave driven by the local tidal flow forcing the stratification against sloping areas of the shelf face. Ī remarkable feature of the region is the large internal tides that occur. In the general vicinity of the islands mean flows are around 0.2 m/s (0.656 ft/s) and run toward the southeast. These are around the same magnitude as the prevailing shelf currents.
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The deep water around the island results in only moderate tidal currents. Spring tide range for the islands is around 2 m (6.56 ft), decreasing to a neap tide of around 1 m (3.28 ft). The Poor Knights Islands are the eroded remnants of a 4-million-year-old rhyolitic volcano that is estimated to have been 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) tall and 25 kilometres (16 mi) in diameter. Aorangaia and Archway Island lie to the southwest of Aorangi Island, and there is also a group of smaller rocky islets between the two main islands, the largest of which is Motu Kapiti. The chain consists of two large islands (Tawhiti Rahi, the larger at 151.5 ha (374 acres), and Aorangi (101 ha (250 acres)) to the south), and several smaller islands.